Configuring each kubelet in your cluster using kubeadm
Kubernetes v1.11 [stable]
The lifecycle of the kubeadm CLI tool is decoupled from the kubelet, which is a daemon that runs on each node within the Kubernetes cluster. The kubeadm CLI tool is executed by the user when Kubernetes is initialized or upgraded, whereas the kubelet is always running in the background.
Since the kubelet is a daemon, it needs to be maintained by some kind of an init system or service manager. When the kubelet is installed using DEBs or RPMs, systemd is configured to manage the kubelet. You can use a different service manager instead, but you need to configure it manually.
Some kubelet configuration details need to be the same across all kubelets involved in the cluster, while
other configuration aspects need to be set on a per-kubelet basis to accommodate the different
characteristics of a given machine (such as OS, storage, and networking). You can manage the configuration
of your kubelets manually, but kubeadm now provides a KubeletConfiguration
API type for
managing your kubelet configurations centrally.
Kubelet configuration patterns
The following sections describe patterns to kubelet configuration that are simplified by using kubeadm, rather than managing the kubelet configuration for each Node manually.
Propagating cluster-level configuration to each kubelet
You can provide the kubelet with default values to be used by kubeadm init
and kubeadm join
commands. Interesting examples include using a different CRI runtime or setting the default subnet
used by services.
If you want your services to use the subnet 10.96.0.0/12
as the default for services, you can pass
the --service-cidr
parameter to kubeadm:
kubeadm init --service-cidr 10.96.0.0/12
Virtual IPs for services are now allocated from this subnet. You also need to set the DNS address used
by the kubelet, using the --cluster-dns
flag. This setting needs to be the same for every kubelet
on every manager and Node in the cluster. The kubelet provides a versioned, structured API object
that can configure most parameters in the kubelet and push out this configuration to each running
kubelet in the cluster. This object is called
KubeletConfiguration
.
The KubeletConfiguration
allows the user to specify flags such as the cluster DNS IP addresses expressed as
a list of values to a camelCased key, illustrated by the following example:
apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: KubeletConfiguration
clusterDNS:
- 10.96.0.10
For more details on the KubeletConfiguration
have a look at this section.
Providing instance-specific configuration details
Some hosts require specific kubelet configurations due to differences in hardware, operating system, networking, or other host-specific parameters. The following list provides a few examples.
-
The path to the DNS resolution file, as specified by the
--resolv-conf
kubelet configuration flag, may differ among operating systems, or depending on whether you are usingsystemd-resolved
. If this path is wrong, DNS resolution will fail on the Node whose kubelet is configured incorrectly. -
The Node API object
.metadata.name
is set to the machine's hostname by default, unless you are using a cloud provider. You can use the--hostname-override
flag to override the default behavior if you need to specify a Node name different from the machine's hostname. -
Currently, the kubelet cannot automatically detect the cgroup driver used by the CRI runtime, but the value of
--cgroup-driver
must match the cgroup driver used by the CRI runtime to ensure the health of the kubelet. -
Depending on the CRI runtime your cluster uses, you may need to specify different flags to the kubelet. For instance, when using Docker, you need to specify flags such as
--network-plugin=cni
, but if you are using an external runtime, you need to specify--container-runtime=remote
and specify the CRI endpoint using the--container-runtime-endpoint=<path>
.
You can specify these flags by configuring an individual kubelet's configuration in your service manager, such as systemd.
Configure kubelets using kubeadm
It is possible to configure the kubelet that kubeadm will start if a custom KubeletConfiguration
API object is passed with a configuration file like so kubeadm ... --config some-config-file.yaml
.
By calling kubeadm config print init-defaults --component-configs KubeletConfiguration
you can
see all the default values for this structure.
Also have a look at the reference for the KubeletConfiguration for more information on the individual fields.
Workflow when using kubeadm init
When you call kubeadm init
, the kubelet configuration is marshalled to disk
at /var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml
, and also uploaded to a ConfigMap in the cluster. The ConfigMap
is named kubelet-config-1.X
, where X
is the minor version of the Kubernetes version you are
initializing. A kubelet configuration file is also written to /etc/kubernetes/kubelet.conf
with the
baseline cluster-wide configuration for all kubelets in the cluster. This configuration file
points to the client certificates that allow the kubelet to communicate with the API server. This
addresses the need to
propagate cluster-level configuration to each kubelet.
To address the second pattern of
providing instance-specific configuration details,
kubeadm writes an environment file to /var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env
, which contains a list of
flags to pass to the kubelet when it starts. The flags are presented in the file like this:
KUBELET_KUBEADM_ARGS="--flag1=value1 --flag2=value2 ..."
In addition to the flags used when starting the kubelet, the file also contains dynamic
parameters such as the cgroup driver and whether to use a different CRI runtime socket
(--cri-socket
).
After marshalling these two files to disk, kubeadm attempts to run the following two commands, if you are using systemd:
systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl restart kubelet
If the reload and restart are successful, the normal kubeadm init
workflow continues.
Workflow when using kubeadm join
When you run kubeadm join
, kubeadm uses the Bootstrap Token credential to perform
a TLS bootstrap, which fetches the credential needed to download the
kubelet-config-1.X
ConfigMap and writes it to /var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml
. The dynamic
environment file is generated in exactly the same way as kubeadm init
.
Next, kubeadm
runs the following two commands to load the new configuration into the kubelet:
systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl restart kubelet
After the kubelet loads the new configuration, kubeadm writes the
/etc/kubernetes/bootstrap-kubelet.conf
KubeConfig file, which contains a CA certificate and Bootstrap
Token. These are used by the kubelet to perform the TLS Bootstrap and obtain a unique
credential, which is stored in /etc/kubernetes/kubelet.conf
.
When the /etc/kubernetes/kubelet.conf
file is written, the kubelet has finished performing the TLS Bootstrap.
Kubeadm deletes the /etc/kubernetes/bootstrap-kubelet.conf
file after completing the TLS Bootstrap.
The kubelet drop-in file for systemd
kubeadm
ships with configuration for how systemd should run the kubelet.
Note that the kubeadm CLI command never touches this drop-in file.
This configuration file installed by the kubeadm
/etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d/10-kubeadm.conf and is used by systemd.
It augments the basic
:
[Service]
Environment="KUBELET_KUBECONFIG_ARGS=--bootstrap-kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/bootstrap-kubelet.conf --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.conf"
Environment="KUBELET_CONFIG_ARGS=--config=/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml"
# This is a file that "kubeadm init" and "kubeadm join" generate at runtime, populating
the KUBELET_KUBEADM_ARGS variable dynamically
EnvironmentFile=-/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env
# This is a file that the user can use for overrides of the kubelet args as a last resort. Preferably,
# the user should use the .NodeRegistration.KubeletExtraArgs object in the configuration files instead.
# KUBELET_EXTRA_ARGS should be sourced from this file.
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/default/kubelet
ExecStart=
ExecStart=/usr/bin/kubelet $KUBELET_KUBECONFIG_ARGS $KUBELET_CONFIG_ARGS $KUBELET_KUBEADM_ARGS $KUBELET_EXTRA_ARGS
This file specifies the default locations for all of the files managed by kubeadm for the kubelet.
- The KubeConfig file to use for the TLS Bootstrap is
/etc/kubernetes/bootstrap-kubelet.conf
, but it is only used if/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.conf
does not exist. - The KubeConfig file with the unique kubelet identity is
/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.conf
. - The file containing the kubelet's ComponentConfig is
/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml
. - The dynamic environment file that contains
KUBELET_KUBEADM_ARGS
is sourced from/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env
. - The file that can contain user-specified flag overrides with
KUBELET_EXTRA_ARGS
is sourced from/etc/default/kubelet
(for DEBs), or/etc/sysconfig/kubelet
(for RPMs).KUBELET_EXTRA_ARGS
is last in the flag chain and has the highest priority in the event of conflicting settings.
Kubernetes binaries and package contents
The DEB and RPM packages shipped with the Kubernetes releases are:
Package name | Description |
---|---|
kubeadm |
Installs the /usr/bin/kubeadm CLI tool and the kubelet drop-in file for the kubelet. |
kubelet |
Installs the /usr/bin/kubelet binary. |
kubectl |
Installs the /usr/bin/kubectl binary. |
cri-tools |
Installs the /usr/bin/crictl binary from the . |
kubernetes-cni |
Installs the /opt/cni/bin binaries from the . |