Using ABAC Authorization

Attribute-based access control (ABAC) defines an access control paradigm whereby access rights are granted to users through the use of policies which combine attributes together.

Policy File Format

To enable ABAC mode, specify --authorization-policy-file=SOME_FILENAME and --authorization-mode=ABAC on startup.

• Versioning properties:
  • apiVersion, type string; valid values are "abac.authorization.kubernetes.io/v1beta1". Allows versioning and conversion of the policy format.
  • kind, type string: valid values are "Policy". Allows versioning and conversion of the policy format.
• spec property set to a map with the following properties:
  • Subject-matching properties:
    • user, type string; the user-string from --token-auth-file. If you specify user, it must match the username of the authenticated user.
    • group, type string; if you specify group, it must match one of the groups of the authenticated user. system:authenticated matches all authenticated requests. system:unauthenticated matches all unauthenticated requests.
  • Resource-matching properties:
    • apiGroup, type string; an API group.
      • Ex: apps, networking.k8s.io
      • Wildcard: * matches all API groups.
    • namespace, type string; a namespace.
      • Ex: kube-system
      • Wildcard: * matches all resource requests.
    • resource, type string; a resource type
      • Ex: pods, deployments
      • Wildcard: * matches all resource requests.
  • Non-resource-matching properties:
    • nonResourcePath, type string; non-resource request paths.
      • Ex: /version or /apis
      • Wildcard:
        • * matches all non-resource requests.
        • /foo/* matches all subpaths of /foo/.
  • readonly, type boolean, when true, means that the Resource-matching policy only applies to get, list, and watch operations, Non-resource-matching policy only applies to get operation.

Authorization Algorithm

A request has attributes which correspond to the properties of a policy object.

When a request is received, the attributes are determined. Unknown attributes are set to the zero value of its type (e.g. empty string, 0, false).

A property set to "*" will match any value of the corresponding attribute.

The tuple of attributes is checked for a match against every policy in the policy file. If at least one line matches the request attributes, then the request is authorized (but may fail later validation).

To permit any authenticated user to do something, write a policy with the group property set to "system:authenticated".

To permit any unauthenticated user to do something, write a policy with the group property set to "system:unauthenticated".

To permit a user to do anything, write a policy with the apiGroup, namespace, resource, and nonResourcePath properties set to "*".

Kubectl

Kubectl uses the /api and /apis endpoints of api-server to discover served resource types, and validates objects sent to the API by create/update operations using schema information located at /openapi/v2.

A quick note on service accounts

Every service account has a corresponding ABAC username, and that service account's user name is generated according to the naming convention:

system:serviceaccount:<namespace>:<serviceaccountname>

Creating a new namespace leads to the creation of a new service account in the following format:

system:serviceaccount:<namespace>:default

For example, if you wanted to grant the default service account (in the kube-system namespace) full privilege to the API using ABAC, you would add this line to your policy file:

{"apiVersion":"abac.authorization.kubernetes.io/v1beta1","kind":"Policy","spec":{"user":"system:serviceaccount:kube-system:default","namespace":"*","resource":"*","apiGroup":"*"}}

The apiserver will need to be restarted to pickup the new policy lines.